PART 4 -ISM
NATURALISM -- only nature exist, nature is better than civilization (NATURALESA ng isang BAGAY)
IDEALISM -- spiritual, values, moral, socratic method
REALISM -- natural world, values arenatural and absolute, reality exist undercieved
PRAGMATISM/EXPERIMENTALISM -- practical, problem solving research, knowledge is what works, values are related, truth is warranted assertion.
ESSENTIALISM -- 3r's (4r's ngayon), achievement test, certain knowledge&skills are essential for rational being.
PROGRESSIVISM -- process of development, higher level of knowledge, the child's need and interest are relevant to curriculum. Learning by doing.
EXISTENTIALISM -- knowledge is subjective, man shapes his being as he lives, we are what we do, deciding precedes knowing.
PERENNIALISM -- education that last for century, universalist, knowledge is eternally valid.
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM -- for better society, community based learning
RECONSTRUCTUONALISM -- the school should help rebuild the social order thus social change.
BEHAVIORISM -- learning is change in behavior, S-R relationship
EMPIRICISM -- knowledge comes thru senses, 5 senses (observatory learning)
STRUCTURALISM -- complex mental exp. such as image,feeling and sensation
FUNCTIONALISM -- focus to motivation, thinking & learning.
PURPOSIVISM -- individual hormones are responsible for the motive to strive towards fulfillment of his/her objective.
PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS -- reality is what verifiable, truth correspondes to reality, usage determines meaning
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