Grammar 101
- by Josh Gonzales
• Is, Was vs Are, Were
Those are forms of the verb 'be', which is also known as copula or linking verbs. Ang linking verbs, sila yung nag co-connect sa subject sa mismong complement.
Ex: The water is dirty.
Dito, ang subject ay ang water at ang complement ay ang dirty. Cino-nnect silang dalawa ng linking verb na "is"
Ang problema rito, may mga taong nalilito sa kung ano ang gagamitin sa sentence nila. Let me remind you po na may present and past tense sila.
Ang present tense ay pangkasalukuyan at ang past tense ay pang nakalipas.
If ang subject mo ay singular (Yung isang subject lang pinag-uusapan) : Ang present tense ay "is" at ang past tense ay "was".
Ex:
Taeyeon is a member of Girls' Generation.
Jessica was a member of Girls' Generation.
Dito, si Taeyeon ay sinasabing member ng Girls' Generation dahil member parin naman s'ya nito hanggang sa ngayon at si Jessica ay naging member noon meaning, hindi na ngayon so pang- nakalipas na s'ya kaya "was".
Same goes to are and were, are ang present tense and were ang past tense. Kaso, gagamitin lang ito pag more than 2 or plural ang subject mo.
• Has vs Have vs Had
Eto, maraming nalilito rito, kaya kung ano ang pinakamabilis na technique ang alam ko, 'yun na agad ituturo ko.
Ang has at have ay parehong present tense. Ang difference lang eh, kung singular or plural ang subject mo.
Ang has, gagamitin mo lang s'ya sa mga singular subjects meaning, yung mga isang tao lang ang pinag-uusapan. Ginagamit din ito sa mga Singular count Third Pronouns such as He, She, and It.
Ex:
She has pneumonia.
He has a cancer.
Brace yourselves, it has begun!
Ang have naman ay ang opposite ng has. Gagamitin mo sya sa mga plural subjects meaning, yung 2 or more subjects at sa mga Pronouns na I, You, We and They.
Ex:
I have a pen.
You have a pen.
We have a pen.
They have a pen.
Eh paano yung mga hindi na pronouns ang ginamit kung hindi noun na talaga? (In case nakalimutan na, pronoun po ay ang nag su-substitute sa subject/noun like si Carla= She, Kyle=He) Ganito, try your best to analyze the sentence at tingnan mo kung plural or singular ang subject.
Ex: The school has rules and regulation.
- Since singular ang school dahil isa lang siya, has ang ginamit.
Ex: All schools have rules and regulations.
- Since plural dahil maraming school na, have na ang ginamit.
Ang had naman ay ang past tense ng has and have.
HAS to HAD: "She has pneumonia" to "She had pneumonia"
HAVE to HAD: "I have a cancer" to "I had a cancer"
Sa given example ng has at have, ang ibig sabihin ay may pneumonia at cancer sila. Habang sa had, wala na dahil baka gumaling na kaya PAST nalang sya kaya had ang ginamit dahil nga ito ang past tense ng dalawa.
When to add s to a verb?
Ex.1: He laughs.
Ex. 2: The children laugh.
There's a big difference between the two given example listed above.
Sa Ex. 1, He is a third person singular pronoun so 'laughs' is not a plural verb but a singular one.
Sa Ex. 2, children is a plural noun so laugh is a plural verb. What does it mean? Kapag plural ang noun mo, hindi mo dadagdagan ng S ang verb mo. Gagawin mo lang iyon kapag singular s'ya.
Eh paano sa pronouns?
Dadagdagan nyo lang ng S ang verb n'yo once na ang pronouns na gagamitin ninyo ay mga third person singular pronoun (He, she, and it). At kapag ang pronoun na gagamitin ninyo ay I, You, We, and They, wag ninyong daragdagan ng S ang verb ninyo dahil plural pronouns po iyan.
• Does vs Do vs Did vs Done
Para madali, eto nalang.
Singular noun or Third person singular pronouns such as He, she, and it = DOES
Plural noun or Pronoun such as I, You, We, and They = DO
"Does he love you?"
"He does."
"You do believe me, don't you?"
"I surely do."
Pero always remember that in question form, hindi dapat naka s-form ang verb kahit singular ang subject kagaya ng "does he love you?" kanina, mali kapag "does he loveS you?"
• Did vs Done
Did is the simple past tense and it refers to an action in the past.
Ex: She did her homework.
- Dito, sinasabi n'ya lang na ginawa nya yung homework nya. Nothing more, nothing less.
Done (Have Done) is the present perfect tense. Just like DID, Nakafocus din sya sa action that happened in the past BUT that completed action has a consequence in the present.
Ex: I have done my homework.
Since tapos na homework mo, pwede ka nalang manuod ng K Drama, ganun. The present perfect tense doesn't tell you what the consequence is, It just tells you that surely there is one.
• Did vs Have
- Kapag did, ang gagamitin mo ay present tense lang, never past tense.
Ex: She did not say that (Wrong: she did not said that)
- Kapag have, past perfect tense.
Ex: Yeah sex is fun but have you tried it? (Wrong: have you try it?)
• Your vs You're
- Kapag your, it shows possession. Pag mamay-ari.
Ex: Is this your ballpen?
- Kapag you're (you are) it means you are describing or talking or pertaining to someone.
Ex: You're (you are) the best thing that ever happened to me.
• There vs Their
- Just like your, their also show possession kaso in plural form.
Ex: That's their classroom (1 section but marami ang nakapaloob, maraming nag mamay-ari).
- There indicates a place
Ex: "Where's my phone?"
"Right there, inside your bag"
• Its vs It's
- Its means something that belongs or part of a larger whole.
Ex: The Philippines and its governing bodies (governing bodies are part of Philippine government).
- It's (it is) means pertaining to something and sometimes shows possession
Ex: It's my charger!
• This vs These
- This = Singular
Ex: This is my pen.
- These = Plural
Ex: These are my pens.
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