Considering the impact of diet on physical, mental, and aesthetic well-being, the author sought to create a comprehensive picture of Dietetics - the art of living - through four books. However, as he wrote, it became clear that something important w...
What we are exploring: How to define sexual and gender identity?
What's new: What is a human really like?
What we will learn: Why did people begin to separate themselves by sexual and gender characteristics?
1. With rare exceptions, human beings are divided into two sexes, and most children acquire a strong sense of belonging to either male or female individuals. In this case, they develop what is called in developmental psychology a sexual (gender) identity. But in most cultures, the biological difference between men and women is widely overgrown with a system of beliefs and behavioral stereotypes that permeate all spheres of human activity (Atkinson R.L., et al. 2003) [1].
2. Gender identity. Determining one's gender identity can be done based on genetic, physiological, and reproductive characteristics. The ability to determine one's belonging to a certain gender is evident in children as early as 3 years of age. The experiments and subsequent surveys have proven the ability of children of both sexes to be confident in their gender, despite their changing age and appearance [1]. In this case, we can talk about the gender identity that belongs to a given individual. The question remains: what does gender identity mean?
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3. Gender identity. Gender* identity is determined based on cultural characteristics manifested in the psyche, which are characteristic of the male or female gender. Western culture, as well as other cultures, has created a "system of beliefs and behavioral stereotypes that permeate all spheres of human activity" [1, 2]. As a result, society encourages a human to live by a set of opposite characteristics, related to either the masculine or feminine type ** [2]. However, such a polar division, historically established in Western culture, does not take into account many identical (common) things that unite all women and men, despite their sexual and gender differences (I fr. 14. 17). * The concept of "gender" (from English gender), borrowed from linguistics, first appeared in the work of the American professor of psychiatry Robert D. Stoller (1924 - 1991) in 1963 [2].
** Masculinity and femininity. A) a set of physical, mental, and behavioral characteristics that distinguish the average man from a woman. B) normative ideas and attitudes about what men and women should be. Encyclopedia Krugosvet. Universal popular science encyclopedia. https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/nauka_i_tehnika/biologiya/MASKULINNOST_I_FEMININNOST.html
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