ABM Grade 12 Modules and activities! 2022-2023

Intro to Philosophy part3

Man is the general term commonly used to refer to the entire human race.

Human refers to a man as species Homo sapiens or modern human beings

Human being is the term used to distinguish man from other animals.

Person is a much more complex term which generally refers to a human being granted recognition of certain rights, protection, responsibilities, and dignity, above all.

Philosophers refer to the human person as the totality of an individual possessing awareness, self-determination, and the capacity to interact with others and with himself or herself.

Personhood refers to the state of being a person.

Human nature refers to the characteristics that distinguish human from all other creatures. Characteristics include thinking, feeling, and acting. Consider to form the essence of humanity.

WHAT IS THE HUMAN PERSON?

SELF-AWARENESS refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including his or her thoughts, emotions, identity, and actions.

Rationality or human thoughts a person is aware of both his surroundings and himself or herself. He or she living an experience and is active participants in this experience.

Self the person who is actively aware that he or she is perceiving and experiencing reality.

INTERIORITY the fact that we can day dream, get lost in our thoughts, imagine fantasize, and reflect shows that we are able to reach within ourselves.
-is the quality of being focused on one's inner life and identity
-enables a person to exercise creativity
-having an inner world allows a person to create himself or herself what is not existing outside.

SELF-DETERMINATION refers to the capability of persons to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences, monitor and regulate their actions, and be goal-oriented and self-directed.

FREE-WILL enables us to do actions whenever we want to and makes
self-determination possible.
-enables a person to act willfully, control his or her actions, and recognize himself or herself as the source of action.

CONSEQUENCES is the result or effect of an action or condition. As persons we are aware that each action we perform has a consequence.

MORALITY or the goodness or badness of an act.

EXTERNALITY trait that defines a human person or the capability to reach out and interact with others and the world.

DIGNITY or the innate right to be valued and respected.
-each person is worth the same as another person in the sense that every person is priceless, unique, unrepeatable and irreplaceable.
-human dignity also drives us to seek what is good. Doing good actions, therefore, upholds and promotes the dignity of the human person.

SPIRIT intangible element which enables us to exercise thought, possess awareness, interiority, and the capacity to reach out to the outside world and other persons.

WHAT IS IN OUR HUMAN NATURE THAT ENABLES US TO BECOME PERSONS?

1. First question philosopher pondered was whether or not the person is truly defined by his or her body and what he or she experiences through the senses. The initial view was that the person is purely physical being defined by his or her body and what his or her body experiences. This emphasis on physicality is seen when we describe ourselves as tall or someone with brown eyes.

2. Our body is not the only thing that defines us. Philosophers believe that a person can't be simply reduce to his or her physical body. If a person has an accident and losses an arm or leg, does that person lose a part of his or her identity? (only made through our actions)

3. Philosophers point out another unseen aspect of the human person which, along with the body, defines us as persons. The intangible element is the spirit which enables us to exercise thought, possess awareness, interiority, and the capacity to reach out to the outside world and other persons.

HOW ARE THE BODY AND THE SPIRIT RELATED?
● Philosophers consider the human as defined by the union of the body and the spirit.

● The human person is an embodied spirit.

● This means that we can't separate the two and they go hand-in-hand in making us who we are.

● Embodiment enables us to do and experience all the things that make us human persons.

● Embodiment is the one thing that enables us to feel love and love others.

● Our experience is also a product of embodiment.

HOW DOES MY HUMAN NATURE ENABLE ME TO EXPLORE LIMITS?

■ The ability to surpass limits is called transcendence, and it also one important trait that distinguishes the human person from another being in existence.

■ Our human nature makes transcendence possible.

■ We are able to transcend our limits through our physical and mental abilities.

■ Our ability to transcend drives us to become better persons and to improve ourselves in every way.

■ We can also transcend our own selves, when we govern ourselves towards what is proper to our nature as a person.

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LESSON 2

TRUTH lies at the heart of any inquiry.

PROPOSITIONS statements about the world or reality.

KNOWLEDGE is the clear awareness and understanding of something.

FACTS propositions or statements which are observed to be real or truthful.

CLAIM cannot be taken as true since it is simply not immediately evident.

OPINIONS these statements go beyond providing facts. Also provide conclusions or perspectives regarding certain situations. Beliefs about a certain thing or person. Also bases for making arguments and convincing people that a certain claim is a fact.

CONCLUSIONS is a judgment based on certain facts.

BELIEFS are statements that express convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by facts.

EXPLANATIONS are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons why the statement is true.

ARGUMENTS often take the form of statements that are either claims of facts and are phrased in such a way that they seem reasonable.

FALLACIES a number of arguments may be based on faulty reasoning. Fallacies may be intentional as the person making the claim is desperate to convince you to accept his or her argument.

BIAS or the personal views of the person presenting it.

Ad hominem attacking the person presenting the argument.

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