ABM Grade 12 Modules and activities! 2022-2023

21st Cen. Lit. (4)

The literary outputs during spanish regime were catechisms, confession manual, grammar books, and dictionaries

catechisms a summary of the principles of christian religion in the form of questions and answers, used for the instruction of christians.

The rapid rate of baptism was aided by books on catechism published by monastic presses, such as the "Doctrina Christiana," (Christian Doctrine) which was published in Tagalog and Spanish in xylography type in 1593. Over time, religious works were also published in other Filipino languages.

the "Doctrina" embodies the meeting of cultures, worldviews, technologies, and languages. This catechism, printed in both Romanized and local Baybayin scripts.

The essence of a catechism during the colonial period was the doctrina cristiana which is designed to teach the basics of Christianity.

Next we have confession manual,

confession, also called reconciliation or penance, in the Judeo-Christian tradition, the acknowledgment of sinfulness in public or private, regarded as necessary to obtain divine forgiveness.

The Roman Catholic sacrament of penance, particularly the practice of frequent private confession, became an increasingly important element of lay religious devotion in early modern Catholic Europe.

The connection between the confessor and the penitent more closely resembled a complex series of conversations and negotiations than a religious agreement that was enforced one-sidedly, according to a detailed study of early modern Spanish confession manuals and associated literature. Although confession took place within a secure and hayrwarcally regulated structure, there were important controls that prevented the abuse of priestly authority while giving laypeople agency and influence.

However, religion was not the only topic of early printed works in the Philippines between the 1600s and 1800s. The monastic presses also published grammar books to help priests learn the native languages in order to minister more effectively.

Grammar books is a book containing an account of the grammatical facts of a language or recommendations as to rules for the proper use of a language.

many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan.

Examples of grammar books or the first books are the following.

The last literary output is dictionaries

Dictionaries or dictionary is a book or electronic resource that lists the words of a language (typically in alphabetical order) and gives their meaning, or gives the equivalent words in a different language, often also providing information about pronunciation, origin, and usage.

The dictionaries also known vocabularies during spanish regime in the Philippines written from 1521 to 1896

Philippine vocabularies are bilingual, extensive and present their entries in alphabetical order. Their entries are brief with simple equivalents and sometimes with discursive texts. There are distinct entries for different senses and there are derived forms following the basic form for a particular sense.
The example of dictionaries are

Printing and publishing began in the Philippines with the arrival of the Spanish in 1565. Encountering an enormous number of native languages, the Spaniards felt a
pressing need to describe the languages most commonly spoken in the archipelago in order to communicate with the Filipinos. The
missionaries were urged to learn the
vernacular languages but were subsequently required to teach Spanish. For this reason, missionaries learnt the Philippine languages by writing catechisms, confession manuals, grammar books, and dictionaries (vocabularies).

Confession took place within a secure and hierarchically regulated structure, there were important controls that prevented the abuse of priestly authority while giving laypeople agency and influence.

Senakulo/Cenaculo is a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Jesus Christ in the Philippines, the modernized versions of the Senakulo run for only one or two hours. They may be presented in different types of venues: on the traditional stage, singing on the streets (otherwise known as pasyon), in a chapel, in a large room, or out in the open.

Comedy, romance, and special effects may be incorporated in the plays.
Also, the modern versions of the Senakulos tend to focus not on Christ's submissiveness, but on his
reason and resolve in bravely standing up for the oppressed or the downtrodden against their oppressors, perhaps suggesting how current problems may be resolved.

Poem in Spanish and Tagalog
were written by "Ladinos" who were well-versed in both languages

These are performed during
holy week in Spanish Regime,
the holy week days are the
following:

Holy Monday
Holy Tuesday
Holy Wednesday
Maundy Thursday
Good Friday
Black Saturday
Palm Sunday