ABM Grade 12 Modules and activities! 2022-2023

Earth and Life Science part6

1. name the four basic types of digestive system?

The four basic types of digestive systems found in animals are:

1. **Monogastric or Simple Stomach Digestive System**: Found in animals like humans, pigs, and dogs, where digestion primarily occurs in a single-chambered stomach.

2. **Avian Digestive System**: Found in birds, characterized by a crop and a gizzard, which aid in food storage, moistening, and grinding of food before digestion.

3. **Ruminant Digestive System**: Found in animals like cows, sheep, and deer, featuring a complex stomach with four compartments (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum) that facilitate fermentation and digestion of plant material.

4. **Modified Monogastric Digestive System**: Found in animals like horses and rabbits, where digestion occurs in a single-chambered stomach, but with adaptations such as a larger cecum or hindgut fermentation to aid in the breakdown of plant material.

2. what type of feedstuff is high in energy and low in fiber.

Feeds that are generally high in energy, low in fiber, and are usually highly digestible. Produce rapid gains. Other names for high-concentrate diets. Cereal grains (corn, milo = sorghum, grain, wheat, oats, barley), oil meals (soybean meal, cottonseed meal, linseed meal), molasses, and dried milk products.

3. what type of feedstuff is low in energy and high in fiber?

Forages or roughages are low in net energy per unit weight, usually because of the high fibre content. Thus, such products as SEED COATS, PODS, rice BRAN, etc. are included in this group. Included in this group are all forage feeds either not cut (including feeds cured on the stem) or cut and fed fresh.

4. name three examples of monogastric animals

Examples of monogastrics include humans, poultry, pigs, horses, rabbits, dogs and cats.

5. how do poultry break their food into smaller pieces.

The gizzard is why chickens do not need teeth. It is a muscular part of the stomach and uses grit (small, hard particles of pebbles or sand) to grind grains and fiber into smaller, more digestible, particles. From the gizzard, food passes into the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed.

6. list the 4 components of the ruminant stomach

The ruminant stomach, also known as the complex stomach, consists of four main components:

1. **Rumen**: The largest compartment where microbial fermentation of ingested feed occurs. It acts as a fermentation vat.

2. **Reticulum**: Adjacent to the rumen, it helps in sorting and regurgitation of coarse food particles (cud) for further chewing (rumination).

3. **Omasum**: Also known as the "manyplies," this compartment primarily functions to absorb water and nutrients from the partially digested food.

4. **Abomasum**: Often referred to as the "true stomach," it functions similarly to the stomach in monogastric animals (like humans and dogs), where enzymatic digestion of protein occurs, facilitated by gastric juices.

7. name three examples of ruminants

ruminant, (suborder Ruminantia), any mammal of the suborder Ruminantia (order Artiodactyla), which includes the pronghorns, giraffes, okapis, deer, chevrotains, cattle, antelopes, sheep, and goats. Most ruminants have a four-chambered stomach and two-toed feet.

8. what are amino acids?

Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life. When proteins are digested or broken down, amino acids are left. The human body uses amino acids to make proteins to help the body: Break down food.

9. what is the most prevalent microorganism in the rumen?

The enzymes can be secreted by bacteria, protists, fungi, and archea. Bacteria comprise the dominant proportion of the ruminal microbes (about 95% of the microbial population), with the archaea comprising 2%-5%. Rumen bacteria. Bacteria are the most abundant microbes in the foregut of ruminant animals, with approximately 1010 - 1011 cells/ml and over 200 species.

10. name the three examples of pseudo-ruminant animals

Examples of pseudo ruminants include horses, hippopotamus, rabbits and guinea pigs. Animals like hippopotamus and camels have a three chambered stomach while zebras, horses and rhinoceros have a simple monogastric stomach.

☆☆☆☆☆☆