Basic Grammar ala Kampung Inggris

18. Simple Past & Past Continuous

Setelah kemarin yang gagal move on, sekarang kita akan bahas tentang mantan yang bener2 udah jadi mantan. Udah nggak ada perasaan apapun saat ini. Haha

Simple Past

A. Rumus Active Voice

(+) S + V2 (+O + Adv.)

(-) S + did + not + V1+O + Adv.)

(?) Did + S + V1 (+O + Adv.)?

(-?) Did + S + not + V1 (+O + Adv.)?

Didn't + S + V1 (+O + Adv.)?

e.g.:

(+) She wrote a letter.

(-) She didn't write a letter.

(?) Did she write a letter?

(-?) Did she not write a letter?

Didn't she write a letter?

*note: ingat yaa.... karena sudah ada auxiliary berupa 'did' maka ordinary verb- nya harus kembali ke bentuk pertama (V1) murni. nggak boleh ada s/ es meskipun subject-nya berupa singular subject/ subjek tunggal.

B. Rumus Nominal Sentence

(+) S + was/ were + ANA

(-) S + was/ were + not + ANA

(?) Was/ Were + S + ANA?

(-?) Was/ Were + S + not + ANA?

Wasn't/ Weren't+ S + ANA?

e.g.:

(+) The books were on the table.

(-) The books were not on the table.

(?) Were the books on the table?

(-?) Were the books not on the table?

Weren't the books on the table?

C. Time Signal (menggunakan general time signal)

- yesterday: kemarin

- once: pernah

- this morning: tadi pagi

- the other day: dulu/ beberapa hari yang lalu

- a few minutes ago: beberapa menit yang lalu

- last + time, misalnya last week/ month/ year: minggu/ bulan/ tahun lalu

- cardinal + time + ago, misalnya two days ago; dua minggu yang lalu

D. Fungsi Simple Past

1. Menyatakan kegiatan yang telah selesai di masa lampau, ditandai oleh past time signal

e.g.:

- I arrived at home last night.

- Harry bought a new car three days ago.

- They left two hours ago.

2. Menyatakan kebiasaan di masa lampau

a. menggunakan adverb of frequency: always, every day, usually, etc.

e.g.:

- He always came late. (Dia dulu terbiasa datang terlambat, tapi sekarang tidak lagi)

- My father went fishing every Sunday. (Ayahku dulu pergi memancing setiap hari Minggu, tapi sekarang tidak lagi)

b. menggunakan modal auxiliary dan similar expression of modal, dengan pola

would + V1 atau used to + V1 atau was/ were + used to + Ving

e.g:

- He would eat instant noodles for breakfast. (Dia dulu terbiasa makan mie instan untuk sarapan, sekarang tidak lagi).

- My sister used to cry when she woke up. (Adik perempuanku dulu terbiasa menangis ketika dia bangun, tapi sekarang tidak lagi)

- He was used to smoking cigarettes. (Dia dulu terbiasa merokok, sekarang tidak lagi)

3. Menyatakan durasi dari kegiatan yang sudah selesai di masa lampau.

e.g.:

- My father worked in this company for 15 years. (Ayahku dulu bekerja di perusahaan ini selama 15 tahun, sekarang sudah tidak bekerja disana lagi)

- Mr. Smith lived in Jakarta for ten years and then he decided to return to Chicago. (Pak Smith dulu tinggal di Jakarta selama 10 tahun kemudian beliau memutuskan untuk kembali ke Chicago).

Past Continuous

A. Rumus Active Voice

(+) S + was/ were + Ving (+O + Adv.)

(-) S + was/ were + not + Ving (+O + Adv.)

(?) Was/ Were + S + Ving (+O + Adv.)?

(-?) Was/ Were + S + not + Ving (+O + Adv.)?

Wasn't/ Weren't + S + Ving (+O + Adv.)?

e.g.:

(+) They were doing their homework.

(-) They were not doing their homework.

(?) Were they doing their homework?

(-?) Were they not doing their homework?

Weren't they doing their homework?

B. Rumus Nominal Sentence = rumus nominal sentence pada Simple Past

C. Time signal (menggunakan specific time signal)

- all day yesterday, the whole day yesterday: sepanjang hari kemarin

- at 7 o'clock yesterday: jam 7 kemarin

- at the same time yesterday: pada saat yang sama kemarin

- at this time yesterday: pada saat seperti ini kemarin

- etc.

D. Fungsi Past Continuous

1. Menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau

e.g.:

- At 7 o'clock last night, I was studying. (Jam 7 tadi malam, aku sedang belajar. Belajarnya dimulai sebelum jam 7 malam dan masih berlangsung pada jam tersebut, dan mungkin masih berlanjut)

- Last year at this time, I was attending school. (Tahun lalu pada saat seperti ini, aku sedang sekoolah)

2. Menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau ketika muncul kegiatan lampau lainnya, ditandai dengan conjunction 'when' dan 'while' *lebih jelasnya nanti di materi Sequence of tense ya.

e.g.:

- I was doing my homework when the phone rang. (aku sedang mengerjakan PR ketika telepon berbunyi)

- While I was crossing the street, I saw an accident. (Ketika aku sedang menyeberang jalan, aku melihat kecelakaan)

Syudah dulu yak.

Semoga bermanfaat

See ya...