LESSON XXXV.KIOM AS A RELATIVE ADVERB.
164. The interrogative adverb kiom (140) is used as a relative adverb of quantity, with tiom or some equivalent word or phrase for its antecedent. In this use it is commonly translated "as":
La taso enhavis tiom da kafo, kiom mi povis trinki, the cup contained as much coffee as I could drink.
Mi havos tiom da tempo, kiom mi bezonos, I shall have as much time as I shall need.
Li sendis tiom, kiom vi volis, he sent as much as you wished.
THE PRESENT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE.
165. The present passive participle (for the present active participle see 108), expressing that which is undergone by the person or thing indicated by the word modified, ends in -ata, as vidata, being seen:
The verb iri, to go, used to illustrate the active participles (108, 119, 152), cannot be used to illustrate a passive participle, since passive participles can be made from transitive verbs (22) only.
La laŭdata knabo estas feliĉa, the boy being praised is happy.
Mi serĉos la deziratan libron, I shall look for the desired book.
La vestoj farataj por vi estas belaj, the clothes being made for you are beautiful.
FRACTIONS.
166. Fractions are formed from the cardinals by the use of the suffix -on- followed by the ending -o. Adjectives and adverbs may be derived from these by use of the endings -a or -e:
La duono de ses estas tri, the half of six is three.
Li estis nur duone atenta, he was only half attentive.
La triona parto de ses estas du, the third part of six is two.
Dek unu dekduonoj, eleven twelfths.
Mi dudekone finis la laboron, I one-twentieth finished the work.
DESCRIPTIVE COMPOUNDS.
167. A compound word whose first element modifies the second in an adjectival or adverbial relation is called a descriptive compound. The final -a or -e of the first element may be omitted, unless the resulting combination would be ambiguous or harsh-sounding.
a. When the first element is adverbial (an adverb or preposition), the second element may be either an adverb or adjective:
multekosta, expensive.
duonkolere, half angrily.
nevidebla, invisible.
nevole, involuntarily.
ruĝflava (ruĝeflava), reddish yellow.
survoje, on the way, en route.
antaŭhieraŭ, day before yesterday.
