LESSON XLI.THE DISTRIBUTIVE ADVERB ĈIEL.
193. The distributive adverb of manner, related to the distributive pronoun ĉiu, is ĉiel, in every way, in every manner:
Li povas ĉiel prepari ĝin, he can prepare it in every manner.
Li estos ĉiel helpata, he will be helped in every way.
THE DISTRIBUTIVE ADVERB ĈIOM.
194. The distributive adverb of quantity, related to the distributive pronoun ĉiu, is ĉiom, every quantity, the whole, all:
Li prenis multe da sukero, sed ne ĉiom da ĝi, he took a great deal of sugar, but not all of it.
Li elprenis ĉiom de la teo el la teujo, he took all of the tea out of the tea caddy.
THE PLUPERFECT PASSIVE TENSE.
195. The compound tense made by combining the past passive participle with the past tense of the verb esti expresses an act or condition which had been undergone by the subject of the verb at some point in past time. It is called the pluperfect passive tense. The conjugation of vidi in this tense is as follows:
mi estis vidita, I had been seen (I was having-been-seen).
vi estis vidita, you had been seen.
li (ŝi, ĝi) estis vidita, he (she, it) had been seen.
ni estis viditaj, we had been seen.
vi estis viditaj, you had been seen.
ili estis viditaj, they had been seen.
THE FUTURE PERFECT PASSIVE TENSE.
196. The compound tense made by combining the past passive participle with the future tense of the verb esti expresses an act or condition which will have been undergone by the subject of the verb at some point in future time. It is called the future perfect passive tense. The conjugation of vidi in this tense is as follows:
mi estos vidita, I shall have been seen (shall be having-been-seen).
vi estos vidita, you will have been seen.
li (ŝi, ĝi) estos vidita, he (she, it) will have been seen.
ni estos viditaj, we shall have been seen.
vi estos viditaj, you will have been seen.
ili estos viditaj, they will have been seen.
THE EXPRESSION OF MATERIAL.
197. The material out of which something is made or constructed is expressed by use of the preposition el. As in English, an adjective may be used instead of the prepositional phrase unless a verb or participle lays stress upon the fact of construction:
La tablo estas farita el ligno, the table is made out of wood.
La tablo estas ligna (el ligno), the table is wooden (of wood).
