LESSON XXVII.THE INTERROGATIVE TEMPORAL ADVERB
123. The interrogative temporal adverb, related to the interrogative pronoun kiu, is kiam, when, at what time?
Kiam li serĉos min? When will he look for me?
Oni miras kiam li venos, they wonder when he is coming (will come).
Kiam falis tiuj gutoj da pluvo? When did those drops of rain fall?
THE PERFECT TENSE.
124. The compound tense formed by using the past active participle with the present tense of esti is called the perfect tense. It differs from the aoristic past tense (35) and from the imperfect (113) by expressing an act or condition as definitely completed or perfected. The conjugation of vidi in the perfect tense is as follows:
mi estas vidinta, I have seen (I am having-seen).
vi estas vidinta, you have seen (you are having-seen).
li (ŝi, ĝi) estas vidinta, he (she, it) has seen (is having-seen).
ni estas vidintaj, we have seen (we are having-seen).
vi estas vidintaj, you have seen (you are having-seen).
ili estas vidintaj, they have seen (they are having-seen).
THE PREPOSITION ĈE.
125. The general situation of a person, object or action is expressed by the use of the preposition ĉe, at, at the house of, in the region or land of, among, with, etc.:
Li staris silente ĉe la pordego, he stood silently at the gate.
Li loĝas ĉe mia avo, he lives (dwells) at my grandfather's.
Ili estas ĉe la lernejo, they are at the school.
Li restos ĉe amikoj, he will stay with (at the house of) friends.
Li vizitos ĉe ni morgaŭ, he will visit at-our-house tomorrow.
THE SUFFIX -AR-.
126. Words expressing a collection, group or assemblage of similar persons or things, as forest (collection of trees), army(assemblage of soldiers), etc., may be formed by the use of the suffix -ar-. This suffix may itself be used as a root to form aro,group, flock, etc., are, in a group, by throngs, etc. Words formed with the suffix -ar- are called collectives:
arbaro, forest (from arbo, tree).
ĉevalaro, herd of horses (from ĉevalo, horse).
kamparo, country (from kampo, field).
libraro, collection of books, library (from libro, book).
amikaro, circle of friends (from amiko, friend).
TEMPO AND FOJO.
