LESSON XL.THE DISTRIBUTIVE TEMPORAL ADVERB.
187. The distributive adverb of time, related to the distributive pronoun ĉiu, is ĉiam, always, at all times:
Vi ĉiam pagas tro multe, you always pay too much.
Mi estas ĉiam preta por helpi vin, I am always ready to help you.
THE DISTRIBUTIVE ADVERB ĈIAL.
188. The distributive adverb of motive or reason, related to the pronoun ĉiu, is ĉial, for every reason, for all reasons:
Ĉial li estas feliĉa hodiaŭ, for every reason he is happy today.
La mia ĉial estas la plej bona, mine is for all reasons the best.
THE PAST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE.
189. The past passive participle expresses an act or condition as having been undergone by the person or thing indicated by the word modified. This participle ends in -ita, as vidita, having been seen:
La prezo pagita de vi estis tro granda, the price paid by you was too great.
La punita infano ploras, the (having-been) punished child is crying.
Mi aĉetos bonefaritajn gantojn, I shall buy well-made gloves.
Li serĉis la forgesitan bileton, he looked for the forgotten ticket.
THE PERFECT PASSIVE TENSE.
190. The compound tense formed by combining the past passive participle with the present tense of the verb esti expresses an act or condition which has been undergone by the subject of the verb. It is called the perfect passive tense. The conjugation of the verb vidi in this tense is as follows:
mi estas vidita, I have been seen (I am having-been-seen).
vi estas vidita, you have been seen.
li (ŝi, ĝi) estas vidita, he (she, it) has been seen.
ni estas viditaj, we have been seen.
vi estas viditaj, you have been seen.
ili estas viditaj, they have been seen.
THE PREPOSITION LAŬ.
191. In expressing that in accordance with which something is done, takes place, moves, etc., the preposition laŭ is used:
Li agis laŭ sia opinio, he acted in accordance with his own opinion.
Mi faros ĝin laŭ bona metodo, I shall do it according to a good method.
Laŭ kia maniero li agis? In what manner did he act?
Mi marŝis laŭ la strato, I walked down (or up) the street.
Li iris laŭ la rivero per tiu vojo, he went along the river by that road.
Nuboj nigraj kuris laŭ la ĉielo, black clouds raced along the sky.
