MATSALOLIN MA AURATA

JAHLUSSUNNAH JAGORAN

* JAHLUSSUNNAH JAGORAN *
 
📚 Wallafar
Dr. Muhammad Mansur Ibrahim Sokoto

*Majalisi na 10*

*Ka’ida ta Takwas:*
Hadisi Ingantacce ne Ake Aiki da Shi, ba Mai Rauni ko na Karya ba.
Masana sun kasa Hadisi kashi biyu: Wanda ake karba da wanda ba a karba. Wanda ake karba shi kuma kashi biyu: Ingantacce da Mai kyau (wanda bai kai na farkon karfi ba). Wanda ba a karba shi ma kashi biyu: Hadisin karya da mai Rauni. Mai rauni shi ma kashi biyu ne: Mai rauni kwarai wanda ba a aiki da shi sam, da mai rauni kadan wanda ake ajiye shi don ci gaba da tantancewa. Wannan kaso na Hadisi mai rauni ya rarrabu ta fuskoki masu yawan gaske wadanda sun kai kusan kashi dari. Domin malamai sukan kalle shi ne ta fuskoki daban daban ta yadda babu yadda za ayi idan karya ne su kasa ganewa. Haka ma idan an samu kuskure ko tuntuben harshe ko wata ‘yar matsala komai kankantar ta a cikin sa nan take sun gane ta kuma sun gano ta inda ta shigo. Wannan kuwa busharar Manzon Allah ce, cewa: “A kowane zamani wasu adalai za su dauki wannan ilimi, suna kore masa juyawar masu zurfafawa da batancin mabarnata da tawilin jahilai”.[i]

Wannan ilimi na tantance Hadisi na daga cikin mu’ujizar Manzon Allah _sallallahu alaihi wasallam_ wadda Allah ya ba shi ita ga al’ummarsa. Domin babu wata al’umma da ta taba bin hanyoyin tabbatar da gaskiya da ingancin magana irin yadda al’ummar Annabi ta yi ta hannun wadannan malaman. Wannan duka cikin alkawarin Allah ne na kare addininsa.
Abin da ya dame mu a nan shi ne sanin cewa, ba a aiki da Hadisi ko ma a jingina shi ga Annabi _sallallahu alaihi wasallam_ har sai masanan wannan fannin sun tantance shi sun yarda da sahihancinsa. Shaihun Musulunci Ibnu Taimiyyah _rahimahullah_ yana cewa:
Wajibi ne a bambanta tsakanin ingantaccen Hadisi da na karya. Domin Sunnah gaskiya ce ba karya ba. Ita ce kuma take kunshe a cikin ingantattun Hadisai ba na bogi ba. Wannan kuwa babban tushe ne na dukan Musulmai, musamman kuma masu jingina ga Sunnah.[ii]
 Reshen wannan ka’ida shi ne:
 
*Ka’ida ta Tara:*
*Hadisi Mai Rauni ba a Kafa Hujja da Shi*
Annabi _sallallahu alaihi wasallam_ ya tsoratar daga yi masa karya, da kuma ruwayar abinda ba a tantance sahihancinsa ba. Kamar inda yake cewa: “Lallai, yi mani karya ba kamar yin karya ga sauran mutane ba ne. Don haka, duk wanda ya yi mani karya da gangan, to ya nemi mazauninsa a wuta”.[iii]
A wani hadisin kuma: “Kada ku yi mani karya. Hakika, duk wanda ya yi mani karya sai ya shiga wuta”.[iv]
A wani hadisin: “Duk wanda ya ba da wani labari daga gare ni, wanda ake zaton karya ne, to, shi, daya ne daga cikin makaryatan”.[v]
Wannan ne ya sa Malamai magabata a fannin hadisi suka kasance suna takatsantsan matuka wajen riwayar duk hadisin da bai inganta ba, sai fa idan a fagen tattaunawa ne a tsakanin su, musamman don bitar sauran hanyoyin hadisin da tantance shi. Amma a wajen kafa hujja, suna hani matuka daga dogaro a kan hadisi matukar ba ingantacce ne ba. Misali a kan wannan shi ne yadda Imam Ahmad bn Hambal _rahimahullah_ ya fusata a kan Ahmad bn Al-Hasan a lokacin wata tattaunawa da suke yi a kan wane ne Sallar Jum’ah take wajaba a kan sa? Sai Ahmad bn Al-Hasan ya ruwaito hadisin Hajjaj bn Nusair daga Mu’arik bn Abbad daga Abdullah bn Sa’id Al-Maqburi daga babansa daga Abu Huraira _radhiyallahu anhu_ cewa, Annabi _sallallahu alaihi wasallam_ ya ce: “Jum’ah tana wajaba ne a kan wanda dare zai yi masa a cikin iyalansa”. Fadin wannan hadisi sai Imam Ahmad ya fusata - saboda raunin Hajjaj bn Nusair da Abdullah bn Sa’id Al-Maqburi - ya ce ma Ahmad bn Al-Hasan: “Ka roki Ubangijinka gafara! Ka roki Ubangijinka gafara!!”[vi]
Tirmidhi ya ce: Imam Ahmad ya yi haka ne duba da raunin hadisin ta fuskar isnadinsa.[vii]
Girmama lamarin hadisi na daga cikin girmama Manzon Allah _sallallahu alaihi wasallam_. Don haka sukan ce, “wannan lamarin na addinin ne. Ba a wurin kowa ake karbar sa ba”. Abdullah bn Mubarak ya ji an kawo hadisin Rukn bn Abdillah Ad-Dimashqi wanda ya kawo wata doguwar wasiyya ta qarya da ya riwaito daga Mak'hul As-Shami daga Mu’az bn Jabal _radhiyallahu anhu_ cewa Annabi _sallallahu alaihi wasallam_ ya yi masa ita a lokacin da ya tura shi gwamna zuwa Yaman, bayan ya yi masa tattaki wai, na rakiyar mil daya. Abdullahi bn Al-Mubarak - da ya ji wannan hadisi - ya ce, “Wallahi na fi son in yi fashi da makami a kan in yi riwayar maganar Manzon Allah _sallallahu alaihi wasallam_ daga Abdulquddus As-Shami. Shi kuma gara irinsa dari da Rukn bn Abdillah Ad-Dimashqi - maruwaicin wannan hadisi”.[viii]
 
*Manazarta*
[i] Baihaki ya ruwaito shi. Malam Albani ya inganta shi a cikin Mishkatul Masabih (1/58).

[ii]  Majmu’u Al-Fatawa (3/380).

[iii]  Sahih Al-Bukhari (1229) da Sahih Muslim (3). Amma a ruwayar Muslim babu farkon hadisin.

[iv]  Sahih Al-Bukhari (106).

[v]  Sahih Muslim (1)

[vi]  Al-Musnad, na Imam Ahmad (13102). Duba kuma Sunan At-Tirmidhi (502).

[vii]  Duba littafin da ya gabata.

[viii]  Al-Maudhu’at Al-Kubra, na Ibn Al-AlJauzi, Hadisi na 1603.