Surah's In Qur'an The Lesson's And Hadith's

1: (Al-Fatihah)- The Opening

Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim.

In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. All the praises and thanks be to Allâh, the Lord of the 'Alamîn . The Only Owner of the Day of Recompense. You (Alone) we worship, and You (Alone) we ask for help. Guide us to the Straight Way. The Way of those on whom You have bestowed Your Grace , not (the way) of those who earned Your Anger, nor of those who went astray .

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1: (Al-Fatihah)- The Opening

Number of verses-7
Number of words-27
Number of letters-140

Surah Al-Fatihah is the greatest chapter of the Qur'an. With this Surah the Qur'an begins, and with this Surah Salah (prayer) begins. Al-Fatihah is the gist of the Qur'an, and the rest of the Qur'an is its explanation.

This Surah has many other names as well, like "Umm-al-Kitab" (mother of the Book), "Al-Salah" (the prayer), "Al-Hamd" (the praise), "Al-Shifa" (the cure), "Al-Ruqyah" (the remedy) etc.

Al-Fatihah is the first complete Surah that was revealed upon Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

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Sūrat al-Fātiḥah (Arabic: سُّورَةُ الفَاتِحَة‎‎) is the first chapter (surah) of the Quran. Its seven verses (ayat) are a prayer for the guidance, lordship and mercy of God.This chapter has an essential role in Islamic prayer (salāt). The primary literal meaning of the expression "al-Fātiḥah" is "The Opening," which could refer to this Surah being "the opening of the Book" (Fātiḥat al-kitāb), to its being the first Surah recited in full in every prayer cycle (rakʿah), or to the manner in which it serves as an opening for many functions in everyday Islamic life. Some Muslims interpret it as a reference to an implied ability of the Surah to open a person to faith in God.
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Importance

Narrated 'Ubadah bin As-Samit Allah's Messenger said, "Whoever does not recite Surat Al-Fatihah in his prayer, his prayer is invalid. (Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol.1, Hadith No.723).
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Benefits

In the commentary of Majma'ul Bayan it is narrated that the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) said that whoever recites this surah, he will get the reward for reciting two thirds (2/3) of the whole Qur'an, and will get the reward equivalent to what would be gained by giving charity to all the believing men and women in the world.

One of the companions of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) narrates that he once recited this surah in the presence of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) and the Prophet said, 'By Him in whose hand is my soul, a similar revelation to this has not been included in the Taurat (Torah), Injeel (Bible), Zabur (Psalms) or even the Qur'an itself.'

The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) once asked Jabir ibn Abdallah Ansari, "Should I teach you a surah that has no other comparison to it in the whole Qur'an?" Jabir replied, "Yes, and may my parents be ransom upon you O prophet of Allah." So the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) taught him surah al-Fatihah. Then the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) asked, "Jabir, should I tell you something about this surah?" Jabir answered, "Yes, and may my parents be ransom upon you O prophet of Allah." The Prophet (s.a.w.) said, "It (surah al-Fatihah) is a cure for every ailment except death."

Imam Abu Abdillah Ja'far as-Sadiq (a.s.) has said that whoever cannot be cured by surah al-Fatihah, then there is no cure for that person. In the same narration it is written that if this surah is recited 70 times on any part of the body that is paining, the pain will surely go away. In fact, the power of this surah is so great that it is said that if one were to recite it 70 times over a dead body, you should not become surprised if that body starts moving (ie. comes back to life).