Cairo is the capital city of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world. Situated on the banks of the Nile River, it has been a center of culture, politics, and history for over a thousand years. The city is home to more than 10 million people, with the Greater Cairo metropolitan area exceeding 20 million, making it one of the world's most densely populated urban centers.
Cairo has long been at the heart of Egyptian civilization. The city's history dates back to 969 AD when the Fatimid dynasty founded it. However, the area has been settled since ancient times, with nearby Memphis serving as the capital of Ancient Egypt. The city played a vital role during various periods, including the Islamic Caliphates, the Ottoman Empire, and modern Egypt's independence movement.
One of Cairo's most famous attractions is the Giza Pyramids Complex, located on the city's outskirts. These pyramids, including the Great Pyramid of Giza, are the only remaining Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Additionally, the Sphinx, with its enigmatic expression, has fascinated travelers for centuries. The Egyptian Museum, home to artifacts from Tutankhamun's tomb and other pharaonic treasures, is another must-visit location.
Cairo is also a major cultural hub in the Middle East. It is known for its vibrant markets, including the historic Khan El Khalili bazaar, where visitors can buy spices, jewelry, and handcrafted goods. The city's Islamic architecture, featuring landmarks like Al-Azhar Mosque and the Citadel of Saladin, reflects its deep-rooted religious history.
Modern Cairo is a bustling metropolis filled with contrasts—ancient landmarks coexist with skyscrapers, and traditional markets operate alongside modern shopping malls. It is the political and economic center of Egypt, housing government offices, businesses, and universities, including the prestigious Cairo University and American University in Cairo.
