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🌏 CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS AND TECHNIQUES 🌏 Article by hanxuaner
The world population day. A day that reminds us how we overexploit our mother earth. A day that reminds us how profusely our number is increasing day by day causing the decrease of our natural resources. A day that remind us how we are burdening earth and pushing to its limit.
The day is not far when human kind will be in a big trouble. And that is the reason government has implemented some laws and regulations regarding birth control. We have NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY which determines the marriageable age. We have FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMME to achieve a target population which was first introduced in our country in the year of1957. So following that path, today I will discuss about some birth control mechanism which if used properly will play a great role in maintaining population.
🌏▪️🌏T Y P E S O F C O N T R A C E P T I V E M E T H O D S🌏▪️🌏
1🔹 SPACING METHODS: Temporary method to postpone or space birth of child.
1.1🔸 NATURAL METHODS- Helps to avoid meeting of gametes ◾Safe period: Fertilisation occurs in 14 to 18 days of a 28 days menstrual cycle. If one can avoid coitus or sexual intercourse during this time, pregnancy can be avoided. But failure rate of this is high. ◾Lactational amenorrhea: During lactation period of woman; after birth they don't bleed i.e. they don't produce eggs so, unprotected coitus during this time can avoid pregnancy. ◾Withdrawal method: Also called coitus interruptus is a method where thr male takes out his penis from vagina of his partner just before ejaculation. Again it has high failure rate bcs of thr precum released by penis before ejaculation.
1.2🔸 BARRIER METHOD- Helps to avoid meeting artificially or also known as protected coitus. ◾ Condoms: A type of cap that remains as a cover on penis during intercourse. In India it's called 'NIRODH'. Coitus using it may prevent direct entry of semen in vagina. Failure chance is very low and Condom also prevents STD i.e. sexually transmitted disease even AIDS. ◾Diaphragm & cervical caps: Both are rubber components to be placed on cervix of uterus to prevent sperm entry. ◾Fem shield: Also known as female condom is a polyurethane pouch that contains two rings at both sides. The smaller and the covered one remains inserted in the vagina whereas the bigger and open one remains outside. It prevents semen entry in uterus.
1.3🔸 CHEMICAL METHOD- There are many chemical agents which kill sperms called spermicides available in the form of jell, foam, cream etc. It has lactic acid, boric acid, citric acid, zinc sulphate and potassium permanganate.
1.4🔸 INTRAUTERINE DEVICE- IUD are made of plastic or metal or combination of both, inserted into uterus through vagina to prevent conceptions. These are available as:- ◾Non-medicated ~ lippes loop ◾Copper releasing ~ CuT,Multiload etc ◾Hormone releasing ~ LNG-20,progestasart
1.5🔸 HORMONAL METHODS - These are used by women who are trying to suppress ovulation. They are of three types:- ◾Oral contraceptive pill: They should be takes orally for 21 days in a menstrual cycle from 5th day of it. Need to taken after a gap of 7 days. If someone miss it take whenever you remember. Eg: Mala-D,Mala-N. Recently the CDRI of Lucknow has developed a nonsteroidal Mimi pill named SAHELI which has very low side effect and high contraceptive value. It has to be taken once in a week after an initial intake of twice a week dose for three months.
◾Non oral contraceptives: They are either injections or implants. The injections are to be taken either every 3months or every 6 months- that depends on the type and about implants they are also called 'NORPLANT' which has six matchstick like structure which needs to implanted under the skin of inner arm above elbow. They are safe and convenient. 'IMPLANON' is a rod like structure that lasts for 3 years as contraceptive.
◾Emergency contraceptive: They are used for unprotected sexual intercourse with high pregnancy risk. They are called 'MORNING AFTER PILLS'. It's only used for emergency case.
2🔹TERMINAL METHODS (SURGICAL METHODS): These are to prevent pregnancy permanently. Surgical procedure prevent gamete transfer which prevent fertilization. Also called STERILIZATION. It's of two types:-
2.1🔸VASECTOMY- Permanent sterilisation process in males. Here each vasa deferentia is cut with an incision of 1cm and tied up, a gap of 1-4 cm is placed between the two ends.
2.2🔸TUBECTOMY- Permanent sterilisation process in females. A portion of fallopian tube is cut and ligated to block passage of ovum. Also called tubal ligation. Tubectomy decreases chances of ovarian cancer.
So that is all about birth control measures. I hope you guys learnt something interesting and knowledgeable from here today. And lastly, happy world population day to all of you Thank you
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