KNOWLEDGE

1.9K 70 0
                                    

REFERS TO CHAPTER 5.

Hemoptysis
- coughing blood
  (batuk berdarah)
- vomit blood
   (muntah berdarah)

Hemoptysis is the spitting of blood that originated in the lungs or bronchial tubes. The patient's history should help determine the amount of blood and differentiate between hemoptysis, pseudohemoptysis, and hematemesis. A focused physical examination can lead to the diagnosis in most cases.

(Hemoptisis adalah meludah darah / muntah darah yang berasal dari paru-paru atau tiub bronkial. Sejarah pesakit harus membantu menentukan jumlah darah dan membezakan antara hemoptisis, pseudohemopt.)

Causes of Hemoptysis
- Adult (dewasa)

The most common causes for hemoptysis in adults are chest infections such as bronchitis or pneumonia.

(Penyebab hemoptisis yang paling biasa pada orang dewasa adalah jangkitan dada seperti bronkitis atau radang paru-paru.)

- Children (kanak-kanak)

In children, hemoptysis is commonly caused by the presence of a foreign body in the airway. Other common causes include lung cancers and tuberculosis.

(Pada kanak-kanak, hemoptisis biasanya disebabkan oleh kehadiran badan asing di saluran pernafasan. Penyebab biasa lain termasuk kanser paru-paru dan batuk kering.)

Symptoms of Hemoptysis

• Concomitant nausea and vomiting with black, brown, or coffee-ground–colored blood is characteristic of hematemesis. Frothy sputum, bright red blood, and (if massive) a sensation of choking are characteristic of true hemoptysis.

(Loya dan muntah bersamaan dengan darah berwarna hitam, perang atau kopi dikisar adalah ciri hematemesis. Kahak berbuih, darah merah terang, dan (jika besar) sensasi tersedak adalah ciri hemoptisis sebenar.)

PTSD- Post-Traumatic Stress Disoder or known as PTSD

Oops! This image does not follow our content guidelines. To continue publishing, please remove it or upload a different image.

PTSD
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disoder or known as PTSD

- is a mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event.

(ialah keadaan kesihatan mental yang dicetuskan oleh peristiwa yang menakutkan — sama ada mengalaminya atau menyaksikannya. Gejala mungkin termasuk kilas balik, mimpi ngeri dan kebimbangan yang teruk, serta tidak terkawal)

Causes of PTSD
- can develop after a very stressful, frightening or distressing event, or after a prolonged traumatic experience. Types of events that can lead to PTSD include: serious accidents. physical or sexual assault.

𝐇𝐁: 𝐀𝐝𝐲𝐞𝐧 𝐃𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐥 𝐋𝐨𝐮𝐢𝐬𝐞 ©Where stories live. Discover now